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# Mod Authoring For UT2K3/HUD

## HUD

### What is a HUD?

The HUD is the graphical representation of information that the user sees when he/she plays. It shows their life total, weapons, armor, kills, rank, etc. The information displayed in a HUD is essentially anything useful that a player might need to see in the game type. If perhaps you wanted to add the time remaining in the match or perhaps a radar (like in the Invasion Gametype).

### Implementing your own HUD

Implementing your own HUD is not that hard. Let's start by simply copying an existing HUD and then making small changes to the code. You can find the HUD class in the following class structure.

     Object
      +-Actor
          +-HUD
              +-CinematicHud?
              +-HudBase
                  +-HudBDeathMatch?
                      +-HudBTeamDeathMatch?
                      +-HudBBombingRun?
                      +-HudBCaptureTheFlag?
                      +-HudBDoubleDomination?

There are several HUD subclasses to choose from. I looked at the one that matched my game type the most. HudBDeathMatch is the class that I wanted to copy so I subclassed HudBase, saved the file as HudBMyNewHUDName in my package and then copied the entire code from HudBDeathMatch.

Then I went into the GameType that I created and added this line in my default properties:

    HUDType="MyPackage.HUDMyNewHUDName"

> MyPackage is simply the package that you create and are saving your work. HUDMyNewHUDName is the actual name of your HUD class, I chose one that was very similar to the existing HUD types.

Compile the code and start your game and if you handled the copy and paste work correctly then everything should run and appear as normal correctly. The the hard part is trying to figure out everything inside the HUD and how to edit it. So lets actually look at the code.

## Inside the belly of the beast

This code below is taken from the HUDBase class and talks about the multiple passes the class goes through when drawing the HUD.

    // Derived HUDs override UpdateHud to update variables before rendering;
    // NO draw code should be in derived DrawHud's; they should instead override
    // DrawHudPass[A-D] and call their base class' DrawHudPass[A-D] (This cuts
    // down on render state changes).

    simulated function UpdateHud();

    simulated function DrawHudPassA (Canvas C); // Alpha Pass
    simulated function DrawHudPassB (Canvas C); // Additive Pass
    simulated function DrawHudPassC (Canvas C); // Alpha Pass
    simulated function DrawHudPassD (Canvas C); // Alternate Texture Pass

Each pass takes care of drawing a different aspect of the HUD . Now looking specifically at the functions in our HUD we should note what happens in each function as well as some other functions that are being used.

> DrawHudPassA seems to take care of most of the graphical features of the HUD.

> ShowPointBarTop and ShowPointBarBottom draw parts of the graphical HUD in DrawHudPassA.

> DrawHudPassC seems to take care of most of the numbers and strings that the user sees, like his health, adrenaline, crosshairs and other personal information.

> DrawWeaponBar draws the weapon bar

So this HUD class uses two of the four passes and then uses three extra function to draw some of the HUD as well. But what is being drawn when it draws the HUD, what are the elements of the HUD. Looking at the element classes at the top of the class I find that there are types of objects being drawn NumericWidget, which controlls all number values (life,shield,ammo), and SpriteWidget, which is every other piece (borders,icons,pictures).

### Tackling the NumericWidget and SpriteWidget

In defaultproperties the graphical look of both elements are set. I'm going to specifically look at ShieldCount which is the total amount of shield points that a player has in the game.

    ShieldCount=(RenderStyle=STY_Alpha,TextureScale=0.100000,DrawPivot=DP_LowerLeft,PosX=0.500000,PosY=0.500000,OffsetX=0,OffsetY=0,Tints[0]=(B=255,G=255,R=255,A=255),Tints[1]=(B=255,G=255,R=255,A=255))

Now, lets look specifically at what is being set here in detail and go blow-by-blow at each of these attributes.

#### RenderStyle

RenderStyle is an ERenderStyle enumeration. It controls the type of color blending or it's affect on the other units that it lays over in the HUD.

#### TextureScale

Texture Scale is the scale that is applied to the texture, relative to a screen resolution of 640 x 480 pixels (that means: at that screen resolution a sprite with TextureScale=1.0 will be drawn one-to-one; at other screen resolutions it will be proportionally scaled up or down).

#### Drawpivot

Drawpivot is a point on the texture or numeric image.

      DP_UpperLeft
      DP_UpperMiddle
      DP_UpperRight
      DP_LowerLeft
      DP_LowerMiddle
      DP_LowerRight
      DP_MiddleLeft
      DP_MiddleMiddle
      DP_MiddleRight

This gives you a rough idea of how the pivot point works. The center of the crosshairs would be the point at which the position and offset would get you to and then the text lays where the image would lay from that point. So the DP_LowerMiddle would place the image above the point you set by position and offset (etc.).

#### PosX, PosY, OffsetX, OffsetY

The values of PosX and PosY are decimal values representing the position on the screen. This frees the user from having to worry about the position of their HUD items in relation to the screen resolution. So if you set the PosX=0.5000000 and PosY=0.5000000 then you always get a position in the center of the screen.

OffsetX and OffsetY are in actual pixels. You might be able to get to the point of the map that you want, but then you want to shift it a specific number of pixels and this is where OffsetX and OffsetY would come into play.

#### Tints

This is the color of the mesh/text and can be dependant on the team (in three color intensity format). Tint[0] is the first team and Tint[1] is the second team. For armor it isn’t important to have the difference in color. I would recommend using a graphical color chooser to find the Red-Green-Blue (three-color intensity) you are looking for.

### SpriteWidget

So here are the properties specific to the sprite widget call. Up to this point a lot of them are already covered in the NumericWidget.

#### WidgetTexture

WidgetTexture loads the texture from a texture pack for the SpriteWidget. You are able to view all the textures that UT2K3 uses through UnrealEd 3.0. Here is an example of the HUD Textures that are used.

    ...WidgetTexture=Texture'InterfaceContent.HUD.SkinA'...

> This texture is not actual size.

#### TextureCoords

Textures usually come with several on the same sheet. So you often need to specify the rectangle that surrounds the texture that you want. In this case we just want to grab the shield from that texture pack, and so there is a start point (x,y) and then a length in both directions.

#### TextureScale

The texture scale is a percentage at which you want the texture to be displayed. This is useful as the texture picture is usually larger than you want it to appear in your HUD.

#### ScaleMode

      SM_None
      SM_Up
      SM_Down
      SM_Left
      SM_Right

This is the side that it is scale from. This is used for the bars that adjust with your health and ammo. Most of those start from the left side. But this is if you plan to have your texture start to get chopped off through use.

#### Scale

This is a float value that represents how much is cut off from the direction specified above. So for ammo depletion they probably calculate an amount appropriate based on the maximum and how much you are firing off.

### Drawing with Numeric and Sprite Widget.

I noticed there were a two function calls: DrawSpriteWidge and DrawNumericWidget.

These are native functions that take care of drawing the two widgets we defined above.

    DrawSpriteWidget (Canvas C, out SpriteWidget W) [simulated, final]
    // Draws the HUD element described by the SpriteWidget W.

    DrawNumericWidget (Canvas C, out NumericWidget W, out DigitSet D) [simulated, final]
    // Draws a number.

## Adding a Time Display

So I wanted the user to be aware of the time in the game. NOTE: I'm not sure if this is the players time in game or the lifetime of the game. And so, by example I thought I would go through adding a time display.

### Writing a Function

    var() NumericWidget myTime_seconds;
    var() NumericWidget myTime_minutes;
    var() NumericWidget myTime_hours;

I added these variables near the beginning of the class where the other Widgets were being declared.

### Calculating Game Time

I wanted to calculate game time and as I previously discussed I know that some of the information about the game and the players were in it are carried in the GameReplicationInfo and PlayerReplicationInfo classes.

So I created a function that would calculate game time.

    simulated function CalculateGameTime()  {

        local int iElapsedTime;

        iElapsedTime = PlayerOwner.GameReplicationInfo.ElapsedTime;

        myTime_hours.Value = iElapsedTime / 3600;

        iElapsedTime = iElapsedTime % 3600;
        myTime_minutes.Value = iElapsedTime / 60;

        iElapsedTime = iElapsedTime % 60;
        myTime_seconds.Value = iElapsedTime;

    }

This converts the game time in seconds into hours, minutes, and seconds. I didn't want the player to have to do the conversion in their head from the seconds. I imagine I could have done this another way, but these seemed like a good idea at the time.

### Getting my time to update

So I created a way to update the game time but I needed to figure out how to get it displayed. I again copied form that the other widgets used. Inside a DrawHudPassC I added this code (replaced some code with a ... for space reasons).

    simulated function DrawHudPassC (Canvas C)
    {
        local float PortraitWidth,PortraitHeight, XL, YL, Abbrev;
        local string PortraitString;

        ...

        // Screen
        if( bShowPersonalInfo )
        {
            …

           //time
           DrawNumericWidget( C, myTime_hours, DigitsBig );
           DrawNumericWidget( C, myTime_minutes, DigitsBig );
           DrawNumericWidget( C, myTime_seconds, DigitsBig );
        }

C is the Canvas that these Widgets are drawn on, the widgets that I'm drawing are what follow, and the digits that I'm going to use are a set called DigitsBig previously loaded in the defaultproperties.

### Giving my Widgets a look in the defaultproperties

    myTime_hours=(RenderStyle=STY_Alpha,TextureScale=0.100000,DrawPivot=DP_LowerMiddle,PosX=0.450000,PosY=0.500000,OffsetX=0,OffsetY=0,Tints[0]=(B=255,G=255,R=255,A=255),Tints[1]=(B=255,G=255,R=255,A=255))
    myTime_minutes=(RenderStyle=STY_Alpha,TextureScale=0.100000,DrawPivot=DP_LowerMiddle,PosX=0.470000,PosY=0.500000,OffsetX=0,OffsetY=0,Tints[0]=(B=255,G=255,R=255,A=255),Tints[1]=(B=255,G=255,R=255,A=255))
    myTime_seconds=(RenderStyle=STY_Alpha,TextureScale=0.100000,DrawPivot=DP_LowerMiddle,PosX=0.490000,PosY=0.500000,OffsetX=0,OffsetY=0,Tints[0]=(B=255,G=255,R=255,A=255),Tints[1]=(B=255,G=255,R=255,A=255))

This places them on the screen somewhere near the center next to the cursor. The important thing is that they were displayed. I also need to go back and give them more space and fill empty zeros.

## Comments

Burtlo: I haven't tried creating/adding/editing anything in the texture packs and need to read up on that so I can write more for this tutorial. Also some help on formatting would be great. First time really writing in a Wiki.

Wormbo: Nice work. I added some links and changed some formatting, but it's a really nice tutorial.

Burtlo: Thanks Wormbo. I appreciate the compliment and the help with the formatting.

Mychaeel: Indeed, but the EDrawPivot explanation isn't correct – "Upper" actually relates to the upper, "Lower" to the lower end of the box. (I don't have the original images, or I'd fix that myself.)

Burtlo: I think that maybe a better image would better illustrate what I'm getting at there with the image. If you specify DP_UPPERLEFT you are grabbing the upper left point on the image and thus whatever point you were to specify with position and offset it would hang down and to the right of that point. Is that not correct? I have the original images and can make changes. I'll look at that later.

Tarquin: Can I move this to [Working with the HUD]? maybe?

Burtlo: I got to this page from the bottom of Making Mods. If you think it would be more useful in a different category [Working with the HUD]? then by all means go for it.

Tarquin: It's not really about "categories", it's just about making page names easier – subpages are not very easy to deal with or link to. And I would rather things were a part of the whole wiki than being seen as part of a smaller work-in-progress document.

Nuleo: Ok so I made a hud and it draws numeric widgets fine but for some reason the sprtie widgets aren't showing up, anyone want to do a tutorial on that?

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